Air insulated valve and guide for internal combustion engines



July 19, 1938- v. F. ZAHODIAKIN 2,124,362

AI R INSULATED VALVE AND GUIDE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed July 2, 1936 l W111i;

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11v VENTOR B wffiw ATTORNE Y5 Patented July 19, 1938 AIR INSULATED V-ALV INTERNAL {COMBU E"; AND GIJIDE- FOR; STION?ENGINES This invention relates :to :internal combustion engines and is particularly. directed to. improve men'ts in the exhausti val-ves and exhaustivalve guides thereof;

The modern engine: operates ati exceptionallya high speed and at high 1 compression Accord ingly; the avalves must operate: extremel-yr effie ciently since' they'plazy the most: important and vital part" .in the. operation a of I the :Lenginew The: 14) fuels or hydrocarbonsrused, in the modern sengineg;

such as ethyl gasoline; produce excessive .ic'arbonil formations on: thelexhaustwalveftstems; whichzo; formations interfere withithe .1 operation rot I. the valves causing: stickinggra'nd ultimate sbu-rningr w thereof. v r It is the". object :of' thezpresentl inventionato-v provide an: improved exhaust valve zand sguideer thereforpadaptedrfonzuse in"an;internal combuse tion 1 engine, which eliminates excessive for-n1'a-= .1- go'itions or deposits officarbon on--th"e '=valve stems, thus preventing the: usual iinterferencewwith freer-1* operation and thereby'eliminating sticking; Ace. cordingly,-by'-theuse of :the valvesi and guides -of this invention; the" efficiency lot; :the evalves gWi' 5*. gnot be impaired and the, normal: power: of the;

enginewill be maintained;

Inra more refinedxsense it is thelobject of "the present; invention to provide for? thevgul'desvandvalves a new arrangement and a structure; which; goocreate an air chamber in. 1 combination -with the; valve stem; insulating the-,- valve.stem from/theeffects of the; heat, l thus ;materially -reduci-ngthe operating temperature of itheyal nd inereas ing the; efliciency of valve operation. I l a l Other objects and-pertaimadvantages-m l bee;

more fully; apparent, from awdes cription lotther accompanying drawing ;iimwhieh: l I Figure 1 isua fragmentarytsect ionall view of any portion of; an internal combusti-omengi-ne :at; the mpoint of the exhaust valve, shoWing the exhaust.

valve in closed'position.-. I Figure-2 is a-sectiqnahview taken-similarito Figure 1, but showing thesvalvezinopen position Figure 3 iSfiwSBClElOIlfilfViBW taken similar to ;;';Figurea1,'showing the valve:inrclosedwposition in conjunction with amodifiedtype of;.g-ui-de. Figure 4 -iseasectional -view taken [Similar 11:10; Figure 1, showing -a still "furthermodification- ,'0f v; the valve and guide with thevalve: inrcloseda F mposition; q

Referring to 'the lstructure-i-disclo'sed in Figures 1 andZ, the-cylinder-blockis generally indicateda. at III, the cylinderhead at-1i;- onaoflthe-cylin-w ders-at. I2; and the-piston -at lap-Th 'exhaus ssi w i eatedvatwli -end efr9m:- hee stem; The reduced portion ell provides; der I9-which-=acts as a scraping iedge combustion chamber (9' laterally of '1': the cylinder-1: blocklin the usualmanne'r. The improved valve; [5 is slidajblyrmountediinq an improved guide I6 1 and issea'tedaon 11a; valve seat; 8; The :diameter of the valve stemis*reduced close to the head; as at-I'L Thevalv stemextends across'the exhaust passagewayiltcie a: .point immediately adj a'centto -':the 'lrearzl side: of the head-of the valve; Thewinte'ri'ial or;guidea bore noft the guide is. annularly' grooved-asatl'I :f toprovide an elongated chamber which: extends? substantially from the plane. oi -the lower'wall DfI-T: theexhaust passageway to -the- ;-upper end of then guide, stoppingshort sufliciently vof?theiipperiend -a of the guide to provide a closed upper 'endrfonlw thechamber. Thus an air chamberis'constftuted which serves as an insulator for the: valve stem preventing overheating thereof;

The vstructural arrangement of the gu'idexrelative to'the valve-stem substantially complete'l encasing the valve stem seals thewvalvenste from the exhaust passageway and;prevents'any fl accumulation or "depositof carbon I ;on :the valves;

2011-32 stantly scraping thecarbon; from -theristraight upperguide portion-obthe guide, Each time the; valve is closed thisedge movesdown below gthea top edge of the guide but no lowersthanzrnidwaya oflthe guide portion of the-guide. Each time the :30? 1 valve raises or-- unseats, the 5 edgescrapes san-ywr accumulation of 'carbon' from; the guideaportion r As the valve begins to close:each-etimethe I sharp upper edgeJ-of the valve guideiwil-l;lscrape from the valve stem, any formations-pf carbon. which may have been" deposited-lthereon-during; the exhaust stroke of the piston. Ihisl-constantw removal of carbon,-not only-fromfthe;valvegstem but from the guide portion ofatheguide preventsr' any accumulation-of carbon andinsuresa free working valve It will be observed thatuon-ly small portion of the valve stem iswmomen-tarily in contact with the discharge lgases during tha exhaust stroke ofthelpistons Consequentlwthew valves will not be damaged :bygverheatingeandnormal op athere will be no interference with tion of the-engine" Referring to the modified form, Lathe iny tion in Figure-3, the corresponding parts; will be found to be identified by the same numerals so as those employed in the preceding form. --In;; this :'case the valve stem is perfectly plain, there 1 being no reduction of diameter; The valve guide" extends into very close proximity tolthe backxof the valve head 1:35" in the p-recedi-ngyinstancea; The; 55 it upper edge thereof.

guide bore of the guide is counterbored as at 20 to provide an air space or annular chamber for insulation of the valve stem from the effects of hot gases passing through the exhaust passageway.

This counterbored portion is tapered or enlarges toward the top of the guide. Any carbon deposits which may take place will occur toward the upper end of the valve stem, that is, adjacent the head. Accordingly, due to the enlargement of the bore, ample clearance is provided in order that operation of the valve stem may not be interfered with. There is no opportunity for carbon deposit fardown in the In the modification disclosed in Figure 3, the

parts corresponding to those of the preceding forms are identified by similar numerals. A

counterbore is provided in the guide bore of the"- guide, as indicated at 22, the counterbore being straight in this instance and slidably receiving an enlarged straight cylindrical portion 23 of the valve stem. The portion 23 is disposed adjacent the head of the valve, the upper edge or shoulder thereof being in the same relation to the upper end of the valve guide as the shoulder l9 of the form shown in Figures 1 and 2. For this reason the same scraping action takes place in this form.

The portion 23 acts as a plug for the upper end of the chamber 22, and this chamber is therefore efiective as an insulating chamber in the manner and for the purposes previously described. The portion 23 is of sufficient length so that its lower edge will not rise above the upper edge of the valve guide in the opening motion of the valve. Accordingly, the chamber is always sealed.

Longitudinal grooves 24 extend from the base of the chamber 22 along the internal bore' of the guide to the extreme lower end thereof. These grooves permit the expulsion of air fromthe in-' sulation chamber on the closing movement of the: valve and permit intake of cooler air from the lower outer end of the valve guide into the cham" her as the opening movement of the valve takes place. Thus the air in the insulation chamber is constantly replenished, cool air replacing the heatedair which results from the passage of the .hot gases around the valve guide. v

stant cooling circulation ensues with the valve acting as a pump.

In all forms of the valve guide it will be noted that the upper portion thereof tapers toward the for heat dissipation. The tapering of the structure and reduction in mass toward the upper end of the valve guide is doubly true in the form 1. In an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block and head, said parts including an exhaust passageway incorporating a valve seat, a valve guide element mounted in the cylinder block and extending to a point just below the" valve seat, a valve slidably mounted in said guide for engagement on said seat and including a por-" Thus a con- The gradual increase invcross sectional area of the guide from the upper end downwardly provides the proper structure 7 tion of reduced diameter immediately adjacent its head, the shoulder between the reduced diameter portion and the body of the stem disposed within the upper end of the valve guide when the valve is seated and adapted to scrape any carbon deposits from the upper end of the valve guide upon the opening movement of the valve, said valve guide including a counterbored portion terminating slightly below the outer end of the vave guide and extending along that portion of the valve guide disposed across the exhaust passageway, thereby providing an insulating chamher.

2. In an internal combustion engine including a'cylinder block and head thereof, said parts including an exhaust passageway incorporating a valve seat, a valve guide element mounted in the cylinder block and extending to a point just below the valve seat, a valve slidably mounted in said guide and adapted to engage said seat, the stem of saidvalve including a portion of reduced diameter immediately adjacent its head, a shoulder between the reduced diameter portion and the body of the stem disposed within the upper end of the valve guide when the valve is seated and adapted to scrape any carbon deposits from the upper end of the valve guide as the opening movement of the valve takes place and the upper end edge of the valve guide bore adapted to scrape any carbon deposits from the portion of the valve stem which is exposed to the exhaust gases when the valve is opened.

3. In an internal combustion engine including an engine body consisting of a block and head including an exhaust passageway therein and a valve seat in the exhaust passageway, a valve guide disposed across the exhaust passageway and having its upper end adjacent the valve seat, a valve slidably mounted in the guide and having a head adapted to engage the valve seat, said valve guide having an enlarged bore portion along that portion extending across the exhaust passageway, and. the stem of said valve including an enlarged portion adjacent the head thereof but spaced therefrom, said latter portion slidi ably mounted in the counterbored portion of the guide, and passageways disposed along the guide bore connecting the lower end of the enlarged bore portion with the lower end of the valve guide for air circulation to and fromthe chamberf ormed by the enlarged bore portion.

4. In an internal combustion engine including the engine body consisting of a cylinder block and head and incorporating an exhaust passageway having a valve seat therein, a valve guide mounted in the body and having a portion extending across the exhaust passageway to a point adjacent the valve seat, a valve slidably mounted in the guide element and adapted to engage said seat, said guide having its internal bore counterbored to provide an annular insulation chamber surrounding the valve stem, and a cool air inlet to said chamber.

5. In an internal combustion engine including an engine body consisting of a block and head including an exhaust passageway therein and a valve seat in the exhaust passageway, a valve guide disposed across the exhaust passageway and having its upper end adjacent the valve seat, a valve slidably mounted in the guide and having a head adapted to engage the valve seat, said valve guide having an enlarged bore portion along that portion extending across the exhaust passageway, and the stem of said valve including an enlarged portion adjacent the head thereof but spaced therefrom, said latter portion slidably mounted in the counterbored portion of the guide,

and said guide including passageways disposed along the guide bore connecting the lower end of the enlarged bore portion with the lower end of the valve guide for air'circulation to and from the chamber formed by the enlarged bore portion, said enlarged portion of the valve stem serving as a pumping piston for said chamber.

6. In an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block and head thereof, said parts including an exhaust passageway incorporating a valve seat, a valve guide element mounted in the cylinder block and extending to a point just below the valve seat, a valve slidably'mounted in said guide and adapted to engage on said seat, the stem of said valve including a shoulder disposed immediately adjacentto the valve head and within the upper end of the valve guide when the valve is seated and adapted to scrape any carbon deposits from the upper end of the valve guide on the opening movement of the valve, said valve guide element and said valve stem providing a closed insulation chamber around the valve stem extending along the valve stem across the exhaust passageway, and the upper end edge of the guide bore adapted to scrape any carbon formations from the exposed part of the valve stem which is above the edge when the valve is opened.

VICTOR F. ZAHODIAKIN. 

